Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Author : Michele Marenus

Link to Article

Year : 2020

Intelligences

Howard Gardner proposes that people may have multiple different types of intelligences, rather than just a singular general intelligence in his 1983 book “Frames of Mind”. While schools and many workplaces focus mostly on logical-mathematical intelligence and linguistic intelligence, Gardner proposes at least 8 different types of intelligence. He says that there may be other types of intelligence, which aren’t in his original classification.

Gardner defines intelligence as a “biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture” (Gardner, 2000, p.28).
video explaining the 8 types of intelligences

Criticism, Applications & Implications

From a psychological standpoint, the multiple intelligences are difficult to measure, and therefore there is limited empirical evidence to back it up. However, the criteria used to identify each of the types of intelligences is scientifically reasonable, and the outcome is intuitive. Even though there is no clear prescription on how to use the theory, it has been applied in many educational settings, as a broad guide for different types of intelligences/skills to develop in children.

• Individuation - Each student learns differently and shows interest in different topics. This theory strengthens the argument that individuals should be allowed to elect their own course of study. With the help of technology, this is feasible.
• Pluralisation - Students learn better when they are taught in multiple ways, and are provided with multiple avenues to express their learning. This theory strengthens the argument for creating more avenues of expressing one’s learning. However, the theory of multiple learning styles is distinct from the multiple intelligences theory, and they do not necessarily imply the other’s validity.